- Metallurgy & Mineral Processing
- Mine-to-mill optimisation: effect of feed size on mill throughput
- The building blocks for plant design
- Froth flotation circuit design and basic testwork requirements
- Testwork at Dominga IOCG project, Chile
- Metallurgical testwork from scoping to feasibility study level
- Determining gold balance in refractory gold ores
- Philex Silangan – the effects of copper mineralogy
- Grinding circuit design principles
- Processing copper-porphyritic ore
- Designing gold project flowsheets
- How process optimisation can improve the bottom line
- Geometallurgy: increasing orebody value
- Plant benchmarking: an opportunity for sustained efficiency
- In situ leaching or in situ recovery
- Leach circuit design principles
- Yellowknife gold project
- Cyanide destruction
- Exploration Geology
- Exploration for mineral deposits – global trends
- Indonesia – exploration on the cusp of development
- Structural geology collaboration results in new find for Sumitomo
- Providing expert advice to the Canahuire project in southern Peru
- Ground based geophysics
- Rapid assessment of structural geometries for brownfield targeting, Burkina Faso
- Target generation and grassroots exploration in Mauritania
- Evolution of SRK ES
- Applying conceptual geometrical models in evaluating mineral prospects
- Excalibur 3D targeting
- Maximising drilling to define the mineral resource at the Nkout Iron Ore project
- Deciphering structural controls in a greenstone belt in Ghana
- Project diversity and foreign interest spur SRK India’s growth and success
- Integrating structural geology for improved resource modelling
- Effective geological training and data management
- Exploring for specialty metals in Greenland
- Advanced exploration targeting: SRK’s approach
- Cheap and dirty, but essential: geological/structural mapping
- Overview of uranium exploration and the nuclear industry in Argentina
- New life for an old mine – Carmen, Chile
- Applying the box plot method
- The future of 3D modelling in consulting
- Mine Water Management
- Our perspective
- Drainage measures for ensuring the stability of the proposed cutback at Ok Tedi mine
- Designing field programs to maximise the capture of groundwater data
- Changing climate affects mine planning in South Africa
- Managing salt levels in mine water
- Water control evaluation for an iron ore project in Australia
- Collecting 3D data for dewatering of an underground uranium mine in Canada
- Hydrogeologic challenges for data collection in the field
- Impact of quarry deepening on local groundwater users
- Applying numerical groundwater modelling for mine dewatering projects around the world
- Early stage hydrogeological assessments in Central and West Africa
- Inflow water quality - Hope Bay, Nunavut
- Surface water management in the jungle of Brazil
- Mine water supply in the Middle East
- Water and chemical load balance for an underground mine in New Mexico
- Water management for closure, Nevada
- Source water protection planning
- Integrated geotechnical-hydrogeological field investigations in Sweden
- In-pit mine water control at the Grib mine in Russia
- Acid and metalliferous drainage
- Water-related environmental studies for a coal mine project in Chilean Patagonia
- Water supply: an increasing challenge in Chilean mining
- Mine water management with GoldSim in Indonesia
- Stormwater control on mines
- Managing sulfate impacts on water quality
- Integrated mine water management
- Facility Closure
- Mine and facility closure trends
- Closure of Mining Pond B at Richards Bay Minerals, South Africa
- What goes up…
- From abandoned site to community asset
- Closure north of 66°
- Land rehabilitation requirements and practices in Russia
- Using ecological risk assessment to establish closure criteria
- Rehabilitation and construction issues for Silvermines, Ireland
- A risk-based approach to tailings facility closure
- San Manuel, Arizona: from mining to reclamation
- Mine closure planning in the Chinese mining industry
- Demolition costing
- Mine closure regulation in Turkey
- Capital expenditure to reduce long term closure liability
- Reducing economic impacts from interim closure
- Soil covers for cold region mine closures
- How did the International Cyanide Code get started?
- Closure planning to comply with the International Cyanide Code
- Engineering solution to save Pacific salmon in the Tsolum River
- Using abandoned mines as field laboratories
- The Environmental Management Plan and closure planning
- Closure cost confusion
- Tailings, Heap Leach and Waste
- Anglo Platinum, Mogalakwena
- Challenges of tailings disposal in Russia and CIS countries
- Esperanza thickened tailings project
- Seepage control at the Colomac tailing containment area
- SRK leads investigation of very coarse granular materials
- Constructing water balance models using GoldSim™
- Solutions to reduce infiltration
- Penstock decant system for large tailings dams
- Numerical modelling of mineral sands
- Giroux Wash tailings impoundment
- Long term stockpiling of copper ore at Batu Hijau Mine
- Process pond modifications to mitigate groundwater elevation increase
- Tailings storage facility expansion
- Solid waste landfills
- Experience gained from tailings dam audits
- Synthetic liner pipe penetration
- New tailings impoundment feasibility design in Senegal
- Benefits of designing for closure in Nevada
- Rocks & Slope Stability
- International slope stability research
- Geotechnical characterisation
- Risk aware!!!
- 3D modelling structurally controlled weak rock masses using blockiness
- Estimating rock mass strength
- Itabirite iron ore bodies: Generic geotechnical models
- Safe and rapid development for major underground mines: Trends for the future
- Mining challenges in permafrost environments
- Shea Creek uranium project
- Integrating structural geology and geotechnics, Los Caracoles Dam
- Use of photogrammetric mapping techniques for slope stability
- Assessing geotechnical management using the Ground Blockiness Index (GBI)
- UDEC modelling
- Antamina geological modelling, Peru
- Koidu vertical pit, Sierra Leone
- Numerical analyses for evaluating pit wall and underground stability at Ok Tedi
- Blasting program optimises pit slope performance
- Economic success in underground soft rock mining
- Probabilistic stability analysis for pit slope optimisation at Jwaneng diamond mine, Botswana
- Geotechnical design considerations for mine shafts
- Geotechnical investigation for Kwatebala copper open pit, DRC
- Auditing the ground control management plan
- Rapid characterisation of slope instability using LiDAR
- Slope stability – fundamental concepts
- Weathered rock masses
- Slope design in challenging conditions at El Teniente, Chile
- Integrating structural geology and geotechnics at Venetia diamond mine
- Mining Project Evaluations
- Santa Rita project financing
- Due diligence study on a complex mining operation in Southern Africa
- Mining project evaluation in Brazil
- Environment and closure due diligence
- Palladon’s Iron Mountain project, Utah
- Technical review of a polymetallic project in East Africa
- A geological risk approach to valuing early-stage exploration projects
- Trekkopje
- Partnering with Polymetal: from IPOs to Compliance Audits for ongoing reporting
- Project evaluation course
- Due diligence in coal – do SRK clients get good value for their money?
- Re-evaluation of the base and precious metal potential south of the Kalimantan Arc
- Red Mountain gold project located in British Columbia, Canada
- El Chanate gold project, Mexico
- Independent review of world-wide exploration portfolio
- Marwa Wahau coal project–preliminary feasibility study
- Talvivaara
- SRK involvement
- Capstone Mining Corp’s Minto Mine
- Taking a holistic view in mining reviews and audits
- Growing up with a gold mine – SRK’s multi-level project support at Hycroft
- Site visit could be critical for identifying the potential fatal flaws
- Evaluating CIS projects
- Sino Gold
- Geology beyond the resource
- Kinsevere Copper Project: due diligence in the DRC
- Social Assessment, Engagement and Advice
- Big five - Tough social issues in mining
- Consultation towards a social license
- Strategies large-scale mining operations may employ in dealing with artisanal mining
- Value added through understanding the local social issues
- Tracking local skills in support of a commitment to employ locally
- Calculating resettlement costs
- The U.S. National Environmental Policy Act and Native Americans
- Stakeholder engagement: A key ingredient for project success
- Community input into Red Dog mine closure plan
- Recent SRK experiences with stakeholder engagement processes
- Stakeholders strengthen pipeline EIA
- SRK adds socio-economic value to project investments
- UK partners building skills in South African water sector
- Building early community relationships
- Enhanced social impact management
- Consultation for a major Bauxite project in Suriname, South America
- Environmental Process
- Integrating Environmental Assessment into Project Development Studies
- Challenges of Merging International and Local Requirements in Russia
- ESIAs for Marine Works
- Process for Implementing Environmental Management Systems in Chile
- SRK on the Leading Edge of Biodiversity
- Case Study from the Land Use Planning Sector, in Nelson Mandela Bay, South Africa
- Application of GIS in the EIA Process
- ESIA and Risk Assessment
- Assessing GHGs and Global Climate Change in EIAs
- Environmental and Safety Management Systems
- Influencing Sustainable Development Policy and Strategy in South Africa
- Suriname River Dredging Project
- Key International Initiatives Influencing Approaches to ESIA
- Promoting Compliance in Non-Compliant Markets – A Chinese Perspective
- Corporate Sustainability in a Carbon-Constrained Economy
- Focus on Uranium
- Trekkopje Definitive Feasibility Study
- Trekkopje Client Focus
- The Napperby Project in Australia
- Gamma Probe eU Data QA-QC Procedures
- Mineralogy Matters
- Grass Roots Uranium Exploration in Argentina
- Developing Uranium Processing Expertise
- Underground Uranium Scoping Study
- Uranium Exploration: the SRK Exploration Perspective
- In-Situ Recovery
- Institutional Controls on Radioactive Mine Wastes
- SOMAIR Uranium Mine Heap Leach Pad
- Pele Mountain Resources at the Elliot Lake Project
- Using JORC and CIM Guidelines for Uranium Resource Estimation
- Mineral Processing Overview
- Re-engineering the Elkon Deposit
- Characterizing the Long-term Stability and Porewater Quality of Uranium Mine Tailings
- Letlhakane Uranium Project, Botswana
- Kuriskova Uranium Project, Slovakia
- Focus on Coal
- Added Value to an Indonesian Client
- Exploration and GIS
- Griffin Coal – Geological Modeling and Resource Estimation
- Caledon’s Revolutionary Cook Colliery
- Coal Mine Dewatering
- Greenfields Coal Exploration in Southern Africa
- The Coal Team in South Africa
- Mining Prefeasibility Study for Morupule Power Station, Botswana
- Mine Planning Software in the Coal Sector
- Using Magnetic and Gravity Data in Basin and Coal-related Geology Studies
- Enterprise Risk Management at Work
- Bringing Coal Basins into Focus
- Relating Resource and Reserve Assessments to International Code Standards
- Managing Risks to Safety, Health, Environment and Sustainable Development Effectively
- Assisting an Emerging Coal Producer in Colombia
- The Russian Coal Industry
- Iron Ore
- Improving Performance through Benchmarking
- Interest in Chile’s Iron Deposits Renewed with Application of Modern Exploration Techniques
- Iron Rush
- Mining Scheduling with Geopit
- Due Diligence Review on Iron Ore Projects in China
- The Balla Balla Iron Ore Project
- SRK’s Involvement in Simandou
- Improved Water Consumption at the Sishen TSF Complex
- Iron Mineral Deposits and Projects in People’s Republic of China
- Iron Ore Prospecting in the Palaeoproterozoic Earaheedy Basin
- Cerro Nahuatl Iron Ore Mine in Colima, Mexico – A Conceptual Closure Plan
- Iron Ore exploration in South India
- Ferrexpo Poltava GOK
- Evaluating MHAG Brazil’s Mina do Bonito Operation for Noble
- Ferrexpo
- Technical Reports for Corumbá 43-101
- Focus on Geology
- SRK Structural Interpretation Assists Glencar’s Gold Discovery in Mali
- Mapping and Sampling Massive Sulfide Deposits on the Seafloor
- Probabilistic Targeting for Mesothermal Gold Mineralisation
- The Role of Remobilisation in the Formation of Nickel Sulfide Orebodies
- 3D Structural Mapping of Gold Continuity, Venezuela
- SRK’s Involvement in the DRC
- SRK Structural Modeling of the Kumtor Gold Deposit
- 3D Modeling of Structural Domains in Western Africa for Gold Fields
- Importance of Kimberlite Pipe Geometry and Kimberlite Emplacement Model
- JORC and the Chinese Resource Classification System – An SRK View
- Optimising Risk Assessment in Coal and Energy-rich Sedimentary Basins
- SRK Exploration Services – Optimistic Beginnings
- Dar es Salaam Office
- Significance of Structural Architecture in Controlling Mineralisation
- Valuation of Exploration Properties
- 3D Visualisation Techniques: New Advances and Applications
- Structural Controls on Kimberlite Geometry and Emplacement
- Building Geological Expertise for Clients in Chile
- Generating 4D Geological Maps from Regional Geophysics
- Independent Technical Reports: Adding Value
- SRK’s New Office in Kolkata
- Optimising Field Investigations
- 3D Structural Geology Modeling, Peru
- Waste Geochemistry
- Are your environmental data defensible?
- Improve reliability of post-closure water quality predictions
- New porphyry copper mine approval
- South America: Offices bring full power of SRK to their clients’ door
- Solving mining challenges in Africa & the Middle East
- In Memoriam: Ingrid Rozas Valenzuela
- The United Kingdom has thousands of abandoned metal mines
- Selective handling of wastes can reduce future treatment costs
- SRK expands its geochemical services in Australia
- SRK 30th Anniversary
Focus on Uranium

Issue #39: Focus on Uranium
Trekkopje Definitive Feasibility Study
Trekkopje is the site of a green fields project, consisting of a very large, low-grade, shallow uranium resource hosted in calcium carbonate cemented (calcrete) conglomerates. The project rests in the arid desert region of western Namibia, in southwestern Africa, situated in gently sloping terrain. Trekkopje will be an open pit operation, primarily using large hydraulic excavators loading haul trucks. With a planned production rate of 100,000t/d of crushed ore and an average stripping ratio of 0.23:1 (waste to ore), the mine life is expected to last approximately 13 years, based on the current resources. read full article…
Trekkopje Client Focus
UraMin was established in February 2005, with the goal of developing global uranium properties. At the time UraMin’s projects included numerous exploration licenses in Chad, Mozambique, and Canada, as well as advanced exploration projects in four African countries, including Bakouma in the Central African Republic, and Rystkuil in South Africa, with Trekkopje in Namibia being the company’s largest project. read full article…
The Napperby Project in Australia
The Napperby Uranium Project is located 175km northwest of Alice Springs in the Northern Territory of Australia. The mineralization occurs within a 20km paleochannel, trending approximately east-northeast. Carnotite mineralization resides mostly in sands and sandy clays as finely disseminated particles and blobs up to 5cm long; it can also be found in overlying calcrete as joint coatings. This relatively low grade deposit was discovered and explored by CRA Exploration and Uranerz in the late 1970s. read full article…
Gamma Probe eU% Data QA/QC Procedures
The most common method used to determine in-situ uranium grades from drillholes is down-hole gamma logging, and the conversion of probe-measured counts-per-second (CPS) to “equivalent” in-situ uranium grades (eU% or eU3O8%). Although it is an indirect measurement of uranium grade that requires diligent attention to calibration and correction factors, the eU-determined grade is essentially equivalent to any other analytical method, and should have quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) protocols in place to guarantee the accuracy and precision of results. read full article…
Mineralogy Matters
Uranium is unique amongst metallic elements. Its chemistry is such that it can form both a cation and oxyanion in natural waters (ions that are positively- and acutely-negatively charged) and can combine with different chemical groups to be soluble under both acid and alkaline conditions -- such versatility can be extremely useful to exploit in mineral processing. The mineralogy of uranium is no less complex, and the element can form oxides, silicates, hydroxides, vanadanates, arsenates, phosphates, sulfates, carbonates, molybdates and even urananates. read full article…
Grass Roots Uranium Exploration in Argentina
In 2007 the CEO of UrAmerica Ltd, a private, UK-based exploration company, contracted SRK (Chile) to conduct a technical review, make recommendations, and field check their uranium exploration efforts in the Chubut and Salta Provinces in Argentina. SRK made numerous visits to these areas and issued a series of reports as the exploration phases progressed. read full article…
Developing Uranium Processing Expertise
Working with academia often gives SRK the chance to investigate alternative solutions or develop new ideas that can aid in the understanding and resolution of clients problems, e.g. SRK has strong links with Cardiff University. Currently, Professor Keith Williams, assisted by Dr. Devin Sapsford, is developing a laboratory facility specifically for uranium processing assessment and development within the Characterisation Laboratories for Environmental Engineering Research (CLEER), as part of the School of Engineering. read full article…
Underground Uranium Scoping Study
SRK conducted a scoping study of the underground components of two uranium deposits in Labrador, Canada. The study took on preliminary geotechnical investigations to define the underground context, followed with an analysis of the most appropriate mining methods. The geotechnical study took all of the available information from core logs and core photos to assess the deposit rock quality and to estimate the underground span capabilities, preferred stoping sequence, and potential ground control methodologies, according to defined geotechnical domains. read full article…
Uranium Exploration: the SRK Exploration Perspective
Since 2005 SRK Exploration Services (SRKES) has been a global player in project origination, appraisal and management for uranium exploration. The team has worked on 10 of the 12 major deposit classes and was one of the pioneers at resurrecting interest in the exploration of Saharan Africa. Back in 2005, in a bid to re-evaluate prospects in the context of modern methods and a burgeoning new market, the team visited the Ministries of Mines in Niger and in Mali, and dusted off historic reports detailing the work that had been done in the 1970s by the Japanese and French. read full article…
In-Situ Recovery
Where a uranium orebody exists in a saturated sandstone aquifer, boreholes can be drilled into it and the surrounding water treated with chemicals. This treatment enables the uranium to be dissolved and leached from the orebody, as the chemical solution circulates through it. The solution is then pumped back to the surface through different boreholes and the uranium is recovered. This process is known as solution mining. The aquifer is treated with either an acid or alkali, depending on the geological characteristics of the orebody. read full article…
Institutional Controls on Radioactive Mine Wastes
During the last decade, most jurisdictions around the world implemented legislative requirements for mining and milling operations to prepare closure plans for decommissioning and reclamation, and to post a bond or other financial instrument of sufficient value to cover the cost of the closure. A decade or more later, those same jurisdictions now face the question of how and under what circumstances they are willing to accept the return of such properties, once the operator has fulfilled their closure obligations, demonstrated compliance and now requests release from further financial bonding. read full article…
SOMAIR Uranium Mine Heap Leach Pad
AREVA NC (AREVA) retained SRK Consulting between 2005 and 2007 to undertake the feasibility and detail design of a dedicated heap leach pad and associated ponds for lower-grade uranium ore at their SOMAIR operation in Niger. The heap leach design work undertaken by SRK included determining the pad capacity and footprint area, designing the environmental containment and lining system, stability analyses, surface hydrology and pad water balance, pond sizing and the leach pad drainage system. read full article…
Pele Mountain Resources at the Elliot Lake Project
Production of uranium in the Elliot Lake Camp began in 1955. An estimated 135,000 tons of uranium metal was produced from 12 mines by the end of 1989, at an average grade of approximately 0.09% U3O8. All of the mining took place underground and the primary mining method used was mechanized room and pillar. The ore was hoisted and transported to a central mill for crushing and grinding, and was leached using sulphuric acid to dissolve the uranium. The uranium was then extracted from the solution using solvent extraction or ion exchange processes. read full article…
Using JORC and CIM Guidelines for Uranium Resource Estimation
SRK has considerable experience in classifying resource and reserve estimations in accordance with internationally recognized reporting codes, such as JORC, CIM and SAMREC. Transparency, materiality and competence direct the operation and application of these codes. Whilst the committees involved with these codes decided that a separate code for uranium was not needed, additions and amendments to update uranium exploration for reporting have been made to the JORC and CIM codes. The changes are primarily related to the occurrence of uranium in some deposits, where and how the uranium data is sourced, and how it is extracted. read full article…
Historically, the most commonly encountered flowchart for uranium processing consisted of conventional comminution followed by atmospheric leaching, solid/liquid separation, solvent extraction purification and finally ammonium diuranate (ADU) or yellow cake precipitation. Today a number of alternative technologies are considered. The choice of technology is often driven by the uranium mineralogy and the lithology and nature of the host rock, subject of course to the normal financial, technical and marketing criteria imposed on projects. read full article…
Re-engineering the Elkon Deposit
Elkon in South Yakutia, East Russia, is the world’s largest known, undeveloped uranium deposit. It occurs as a series of narrow sub-parallel, steeply-dipping veins located within the Yuzhnaya fault zone, covering a strike length of some 20km and extending from about 100m to 1600m below surface. On average, the veins are 2 to 3m thick but vary between 12m to <1m in thickness. Along the strike, the veins pinch and swell significantly over short distances. read full article…
Characterizing the Long-term Stability and Porewater Quality of Uranium Mine Tailings
SRK has been providing consulting services to Cameco Corporation for over 15 years. During this time, our geochemists have characterized and monitored geochemistry and water quality issues associated with all types of uranium mine tailings stored in the Above-Ground Tailings Management Facility at Key Lake Mine, the Deilmann In-Pit Tailings Management Facility at Key Lake, and the Rabbit Lake In-Pit Tailings Management Facility at Rabbit Lake Mine. read full article…
Letlhakane Uranium Project, Botswana
In 2008, A-Cap Resources Ltd appointed SRK to undertake a scoping study of their Letlhakane Uranium Project located in east-central Botswana. The site is approximately 80km south of Francistown near the town of Serule, and is adjacent to the main highway and railway, linking Gaborone and Francistown. The extent of the work for the scoping study included undertaking the mining optimization, evaluating the mineralogy and metallurgy, a review of the geology, exploration program and resource definition, an evaluation of the water supply potential, the project environmental requirement, and then selecting a process option. read full article…
Kuriskova Uranium Project, Slovakia
The Kuriskova Uranium Project is an advanced-stage uranium exploration property, with established uranium resources, located in Eastern Slovakia and controlled by Tournigan Energy Ltd (Tournigan). The Kuriskova uranium deposit is best described as an epigenetic vein-type uranium deposit, although it may have had precursor supergene and/or hypogene origins. read full article…
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